&#x9;&#x9;GNU Free Documentation License&#xA;&#x9;&#x9;  Version 1.2, November 2002&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.&#xA;     51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA&#xA; Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies&#xA; of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;0. PREAMBLE&#xA;&#xA;The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other&#xA;functional and useful document &#34;free&#34; in the sense of freedom: to&#xA;assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,&#xA;with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.&#xA;Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way&#xA;to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible&#xA;for modifications made by others.&#xA;&#xA;This License is a kind of &#34;copyleft&#34;, which means that derivative&#xA;works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It&#xA;complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft&#xA;license designed for free software.&#xA;&#xA;We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free&#xA;software, because free software needs free documentation: a free&#xA;program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the&#xA;software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;&#xA;it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or&#xA;whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License&#xA;principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS&#xA;&#xA;This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that&#xA;contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be&#xA;distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a&#xA;world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that&#xA;work under the conditions stated herein.  The &#34;Document&#34;, below,&#xA;refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a&#xA;licensee, and is addressed as &#34;you&#34;.  You accept the license if you&#xA;copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission&#xA;under copyright law.&#xA;&#xA;A &#34;Modified Version&#34; of the Document means any work containing the&#xA;Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with&#xA;modifications and/or translated into another language.&#xA;&#xA;A &#34;Secondary Section&#34; is a named appendix or a front-matter section of&#xA;the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the&#xA;publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&#39;s overall subject&#xA;(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly&#xA;within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a&#xA;textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any&#xA;mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical&#xA;connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,&#xA;commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding&#xA;them.&#xA;&#xA;The &#34;Invariant Sections&#34; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles&#xA;are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice&#xA;that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a&#xA;section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not&#xA;allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero&#xA;Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant&#xA;Sections then there are none.&#xA;&#xA;The &#34;Cover Texts&#34; are certain short passages of text that are listed,&#xA;as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that&#xA;the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may&#xA;be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.&#xA;&#xA;A &#34;Transparent&#34; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,&#xA;represented in a format whose specification is available to the&#xA;general public, that is suitable for revising the document&#xA;straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of&#xA;pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available&#xA;drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or&#xA;for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input&#xA;to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file&#xA;format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart&#xA;or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.&#xA;An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount&#xA;of text.  A copy that is not &#34;Transparent&#34; is called &#34;Opaque&#34;.&#xA;&#xA;Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain&#xA;ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML&#xA;or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple&#xA;HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of&#xA;transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats&#xA;include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by&#xA;proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or&#xA;processing tools are not generally available, and the&#xA;machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word&#xA;processors for output purposes only.&#xA;&#xA;The &#34;Title Page&#34; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,&#xA;plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material&#xA;this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in&#xA;formats which do not have any title page as such, &#34;Title Page&#34; means&#xA;the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&#39;s title,&#xA;preceding the beginning of the body of the text.&#xA;&#xA;A section &#34;Entitled XYZ&#34; means a named subunit of the Document whose&#xA;title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following&#xA;text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a&#xA;specific section name mentioned below, such as &#34;Acknowledgements&#34;,&#xA;&#34;Dedications&#34;, &#34;Endorsements&#34;, or &#34;History&#34;.)  To &#34;Preserve the Title&#34;&#xA;of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a&#xA;section &#34;Entitled XYZ&#34; according to this definition.&#xA;&#xA;The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which&#xA;states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty&#xA;Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this&#xA;License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other&#xA;implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has&#xA;no effect on the meaning of this License.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;2. VERBATIM COPYING&#xA;&#xA;You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either&#xA;commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the&#xA;copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies&#xA;to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other&#xA;conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use&#xA;technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further&#xA;copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept&#xA;compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough&#xA;number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.&#xA;&#xA;You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and&#xA;you may publicly display copies.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;3. COPYING IN QUANTITY&#xA;&#xA;If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have&#xA;printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the&#xA;Document&#39;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the&#xA;copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover&#xA;Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on&#xA;the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify&#xA;you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present&#xA;the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and&#xA;visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.&#xA;Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve&#xA;the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated&#xA;as verbatim copying in other respects.&#xA;&#xA;If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit&#xA;legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit&#xA;reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent&#xA;pages.&#xA;&#xA;If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering&#xA;more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent&#xA;copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy&#xA;a computer-network location from which the general network-using&#xA;public has access to download using public-standard network protocols&#xA;a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.&#xA;If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,&#xA;when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure&#xA;that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated&#xA;location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an&#xA;Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that&#xA;edition to the public.&#xA;&#xA;It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the&#xA;Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give&#xA;them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;4. MODIFICATIONS&#xA;&#xA;You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under&#xA;the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release&#xA;the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified&#xA;Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution&#xA;and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy&#xA;of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:&#xA;&#xA;A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct&#xA;   from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions&#xA;   (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section&#xA;   of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version&#xA;   if the original publisher of that version gives permission.&#xA;B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities&#xA;   responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified&#xA;   Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the&#xA;   Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),&#xA;   unless they release you from this requirement.&#xA;C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the&#xA;   Modified Version, as the publisher.&#xA;D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.&#xA;E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications&#xA;   adjacent to the other copyright notices.&#xA;F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice&#xA;   giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the&#xA;   terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.&#xA;G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections&#xA;   and required Cover Texts given in the Document&#39;s license notice.&#xA;H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.&#xA;I. Preserve the section Entitled &#34;History&#34;, Preserve its Title, and add&#xA;   to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and&#xA;   publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If&#xA;   there is no section Entitled &#34;History&#34; in the Document, create one&#xA;   stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as&#xA;   given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified&#xA;   Version as stated in the previous sentence.&#xA;J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for&#xA;   public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise&#xA;   the network locations given in the Document for previous versions&#xA;   it was based on.  These may be placed in the &#34;History&#34; section.&#xA;   You may omit a network location for a work that was published at&#xA;   least four years before the Document itself, or if the original&#xA;   publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.&#xA;K. For any section Entitled &#34;Acknowledgements&#34; or &#34;Dedications&#34;,&#xA;   Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all&#xA;   the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements&#xA;   and/or dedications given therein.&#xA;L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,&#xA;   unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers&#xA;   or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.&#xA;M. Delete any section Entitled &#34;Endorsements&#34;.  Such a section&#xA;   may not be included in the Modified Version.&#xA;N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &#34;Endorsements&#34;&#xA;   or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.&#xA;O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.&#xA;&#xA;If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or&#xA;appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material&#xA;copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all&#xA;of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the&#xA;list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&#39;s license notice.&#xA;These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.&#xA;&#xA;You may add a section Entitled &#34;Endorsements&#34;, provided it contains&#xA;nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various&#xA;parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has&#xA;been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a&#xA;standard.&#xA;&#xA;You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a&#xA;passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list&#xA;of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of&#xA;Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or&#xA;through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already&#xA;includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or&#xA;by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,&#xA;you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit&#xA;permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.&#xA;&#xA;The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License&#xA;give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or&#xA;imply endorsement of any Modified Version.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS&#xA;&#xA;You may combine the Document with other documents released under this&#xA;License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified&#xA;versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the&#xA;Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and&#xA;list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its&#xA;license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.&#xA;&#xA;The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and&#xA;multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single&#xA;copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but&#xA;different contents, make the title of each such section unique by&#xA;adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original&#xA;author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.&#xA;Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of&#xA;Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.&#xA;&#xA;In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &#34;History&#34;&#xA;in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled&#xA;&#34;History&#34;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &#34;Acknowledgements&#34;,&#xA;and any sections Entitled &#34;Dedications&#34;.  You must delete all sections&#xA;Entitled &#34;Endorsements&#34;.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS&#xA;&#xA;You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents&#xA;released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this&#xA;License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in&#xA;the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for&#xA;verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.&#xA;&#xA;You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute&#xA;it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this&#xA;License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all&#xA;other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS&#xA;&#xA;A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate&#xA;and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or&#xA;distribution medium, is called an &#34;aggregate&#34; if the copyright&#xA;resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights&#xA;of the compilation&#39;s users beyond what the individual works permit.&#xA;When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not&#xA;apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves&#xA;derivative works of the Document.&#xA;&#xA;If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these&#xA;copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of&#xA;the entire aggregate, the Document&#39;s Cover Texts may be placed on&#xA;covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the&#xA;electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.&#xA;Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole&#xA;aggregate.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;8. TRANSLATION&#xA;&#xA;Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may&#xA;distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.&#xA;Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special&#xA;permission from their copyright holders, but you may include&#xA;translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the&#xA;original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a&#xA;translation of this License, and all the license notices in the&#xA;Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include&#xA;the original English version of this License and the original versions&#xA;of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between&#xA;the translation and the original version of this License or a notice&#xA;or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.&#xA;&#xA;If a section in the Document is Entitled &#34;Acknowledgements&#34;,&#xA;&#34;Dedications&#34;, or &#34;History&#34;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve&#xA;its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual&#xA;title.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;9. TERMINATION&#xA;&#xA;You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except&#xA;as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to&#xA;copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will&#xA;automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,&#xA;parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this&#xA;License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such&#xA;parties remain in full compliance.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE&#xA;&#xA;The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions&#xA;of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new&#xA;versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may&#xA;differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See&#xA;http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.&#xA;&#xA;Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.&#xA;If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this&#xA;License &#34;or any later version&#34; applies to it, you have the option of&#xA;following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or&#xA;of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the&#xA;Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version&#xA;number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not&#xA;as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents&#xA;&#xA;To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of&#xA;the License in the document and put the following copyright and&#xA;license notices just after the title page:&#xA;&#xA;    Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.&#xA;    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document&#xA;    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2&#xA;    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;&#xA;    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.&#xA;    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled &#34;GNU&#xA;    Free Documentation License&#34;.&#xA;&#xA;If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,&#xA;replace the &#34;with...Texts.&#34; line with this:&#xA;&#xA;    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the&#xA;    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.&#xA;&#xA;If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other&#xA;combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the&#xA;situation.&#xA;&#xA;If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we&#xA;recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of&#xA;free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,&#xA;to permit their use in free software.&#xA;